Key Technologies for Preparing Nanoparticles of Hydrogen Storage Material by Combining Ball Milling with Aerosol Generation

The developing trend of vehicle is electrical vehicle in future,and fuel cell will become the one of the main batteries of electrical vehicle because of its the prominent properties.The one of current obstacle for fuel cell in popularization and applications is lacking of excellent performance hydrogen storage materials and advanced technologies of preparing nanoparticles for hydrogen storage materials.The principles,typical classifications and characteristics of chemically and physically preparing nanoparticles for hydrogen storage materials are briefly introduced.And it predicts that physical method is going to be the major developing direction for nanoparticles for hydrogen storage material fabrication.The principle,the system composition &characteristics of method by means of combining ball milling with aerosol generation preparing nanoparticles for hydrogen storage materials are expounded.The ball milling process for hydrogen storage material is needed to conduct effective cooling process,and the lower cooling temperature has better milling results.The cooling media for ball milling include room temperature water,ice water,pure ethanol with dry ice and liquid nitrogen.The proper level of vacuum in canister is significant for injecting aerosol particles during the ball milling.In order to maximize the friction force,it is better to design multi-level stirring rod and the profile of stirring rod with large contact area,therefor stirring rod with cylinder has less grinding effect than with ring profile.The more stirring rod with more layers will obtain higher stirring efficiency.The distance between each layer of branches is 2.5times larger than diameter of the ball.The simulation results show that the average speed has 120% increases from 400 rpm to 800 rpm.Based on the kinetic energy equation,it is obtained that there is 350% increase in energy from 400 r / min to 800 r / min.The higher stirring speed will generate the finer material.And the discussion of this article provides a favorable basis of preparing nanoparticles for hydrogen storage materials in fuel cell vehicle.     

Cu-Cr机械合金化工艺研究进展

综述了机械合金化工艺制备Cu-Cr合金的研究进展。主要包括Cu-Cr机械合金化的基本原理;Cu-Cr粉末机械合金化过程的影响因素,包括球磨时间、球料比,填充率、球磨机转速、过程控制剂、球磨温度等;Cu-Cr合金机械合金化过程的缺陷。简要讨论了机械合金化方法生产Cu-Cr合金粉末的发展前景。     

数控铣床外观造型设计

以微型数控铣床为研究对象,利用多元意象尺度法、聚类分析法提取影响用户心理感受的产品造型特征与代表性语义,将用户的感性需求在意象层次上实现结构化表达,提取出最佳造型元素特征后进行建模。利用孟-斯宾瑟美度评价公式,通过数据的收集、整理,用计算方法求得配色的"调和美"程度。最后以多指标对所设计方案进行综合模糊评价,进一步确保方案的可行性。     

Ti-16.28Si合金的高温抗氧化行为及添加Cu的影响

选用Ti、Si、Cu粉末通过高能球磨-冷压-无压烧结制备了Ti-16.28Si和Ti-15.46Si-5Cu两种合金,并在800℃、900℃、1000℃空气中对其进行高温氧化试验。利用SEM、EDS及XRD对烧结和氧化试样的表面及横截面形貌、物相组成进行分析,以研究合金的氧化机制。结果表明：两种配方试样烧结之后主要含有Ti、Ti5Si3、Ti5Si4相,加Cu配方出现Cu3Si相;加Cu后致密度升高。高温氧化80 h后,氧化试样的主要物相为TiO2,还含有少量的SiO2、Ti3O5、TiO、TiN、CuO或Cu2O相。两种合金在800℃和900℃氧化温度下都达到抗氧化等级。Ti-16.28Si合金在900?C时氧化膜表层基本上全是金红石TiO2,抗氧化性能最好。800℃下,添加Cu显著改善Ti-16.28Si合金的抗氧化性能;在Cu含量为5 wt%时其平均氧化速度仅为Ti-16.28Si合金的57.8 %;但在900℃和1000℃下,添加Cu后,Cu3Si相可降低合金的抗氧化性能。     

TC4合金蜂窝冰固持低温铣削研究

广泛应用于航天领域的低刚度薄壁钛合金蜂窝材料,在铣削加工中面临卷曲、开焊、塌边等缺陷,需改进其固持和加工方法。材料通过冰固持方法处理,并进行高速深冷铣削加工;分析了蜂窝铣削性能和加工缺陷产生原因,提出了冰固持超低温铣削机理。结果表明,相比于传统固持加工方式,经冰固持低温铣削的钛合金蜂窝表面质量有很大提高,加工缺陷被有效抑制;切削深度对表面质量影响较大。切削参数对铣削力影响顺序:切深最大,可提高约3倍,其次是主轴转速,进给速度影响最小。冰固持低温方法提高了蜂窝强度,实现了超低温切削,改变了断屑方式。结论:冰固持低温切削为面内径向等效强度小、低刚度薄壁钛合金蜂窝材料高效加工提供了新方法。     

氢驱动化学反应制备Li_7Al_3Si_4合金及其电化学性能

采用氢驱动的化学反应法制备Li7Al3Si4三元合金,研究了高能球磨对其结构、颗粒形貌及电化学性能的影响。结果发现,放氢后的产物主要包含Li7Al3Si4和LiAlSi及微量Si。在550~650℃的范围内,随着反应温度的提高,样品的放氢量有所增加,但颗粒尺寸也有所增大。电化学研究表明,600℃放氢样品的最大放电和充电容量分别为996和845mAh/g,相应的库伦效率为~85%,30个循环后的容量保持率约为50%。高能球磨改变了样品的颗粒形貌和相组成,从而改善了其循环稳定性能。12h球磨的样品的最大放电容量约为968mAh/g,30个循环后的容量保持率约为58%。     

热机械合金化法制备纳米晶W-Cu复合粉末

采用热机械合金化制备纳米晶W-Cu复合粉末。通过XRD、SEM、激光粒度测试等方法对球磨后的粉末进行表征。结果表明:随球磨时间延长,W的晶粒尺寸不断减小,球磨30 h后W的平均晶粒尺寸为41 nm左右;球磨初期,粉末迅速细化;随球磨时间延长,粉末粒度有所增加;进一步增加球磨时间,粉末粒度减小。球磨粉末还原后有较高的烧结活性,1 200℃烧结后相对密度可达97%以上。烧结材料的组织非常均匀,且晶粒细小。     

An investigation on electrochemical hydrogen storage performances of Mg-Y-Ni alloys prepared by mechanical milling

The nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg2Ni-type electrode alloys with a composition of Mg20?xYxNi10 (x=0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) were fabricated by mechanical milling. Effects of Y content on the structures and e...     

Spray drying of drug-swellable dispersant suspensions for preparation of fast-dissolving,high drug-loaded,surfactant-free nanocomposites

Bioavailability of a poorly soluble drug can be improved by preparing a drug nanosuspension and subsequently drying it into nanocomposite microparticles (NCMPs). Unfortunately, drug nanoparticles aggregate during milling and drying, causing incomplete recovery and slow dissolution. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of various classes of dispersants on drug dissolution from drug NCMPs, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs via high drug nanoparticle loaded, surfactant-free NCMPs. Precursor suspensions of griseofulvin (GF, model drug) nanoparticles in the presence of various dispersants were prepared via wet stirred media milling and spray dried to form the NCMPs. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC, polymer) alone and with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, surfactant) was used as a base-line stabilizer/dispersant during milling. Two swellable crosslinked polymers, croscarmellose sodium (CCS) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG), and a conventional soluble matrix former, Mannitol, were used in addition to HPC. Besides being used as-received, CCS was also wet co-milled with GF for two different durations to examine the impact of CCS particle size. Laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV spectroscopy, NCMP redispersion and dissolution tests were used for characterization. The results show that incorporation of CCS/SSG, preferably wet-milled to a wide particle size distribution, into the spray-dried NCMPs resulted in fast release and dispersion of drug nanoparticle clusters. The swellable dispersants were superior to Mannitol in dissolution enhancement, and could achieve fast release comparable to SDS, demonstrating the feasibility of spray drying to prepare high drug-loaded, surfactant-free nanocomposites.